Echinacea purpurea cultivars Part I

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The best Echinacea cultivars for sale today are the E. purpurea cultivars. There are too many to list in a single article so this article series breaks them up alphabetically. E. purpurea are the hardiest and most adaptable of all of the Echinacea, and they are great-as long as you like purple.

Echinacea purpurea ‘Alba’: White flowered form of the purple coneflower (Sun to light shade, Zone 3-8)

Echinacea purpurea ‘Avalanche’ PP 18,597: The best compact, single white-flowered coneflower in our trials. This Arie Bloom hybrid makes a tight clump, adorned in summer with 20″ spikes of large, white, horizontally-held petals…quite nice! (Zone 4-9)

Echinacea purpurea ‘Bright Star’ (syn: Echinacea purpurea ‘Leuchstern’): This superb seed strain of our native coneflower is a bit taller than most (to 3-4′) and has a slightly larger and more horizontally held rosy purple petals. The small winter rosettes give rise in mid summer to see thru spikes of large pinkish daisies…great for naturalizing! (Zone 3-8)

Echinacea purpurea ‘Cotton Candy’ PPAF: Large, pink, pompon flowers.

Echinacea purpurea ‘Crimson Star’: Crimson-lavender petals.

Echinacea purpurea ‘Cygnet White’: This is a new and outstanding dwarf, white flowered selection of the 1998 Perennial Plant of the Year. In midsummer, the small rosettes of foliage send up flowering stems that are topped with stunning white coneflowers… best when used in a mass planting or blended into a perennial border. (Sun to light shade, Zone 3-8)

Echinacea purpurea ‘Fatal Attraction’ PP 18,429: This new selection of our US native Echinacea purpurea is from Piet Oudolf’s famed garden in Holland. Echinacea ‘Fatal Attraction’ is unique because of the 26″ tall sturdy wine black stems that hold the intense pink flowers…a favorite of garden visitors. Flowering begins in late June…be patient. (Zone 3-9)

Echinacea purpurea ‘Fragrant Angel’ PP 16,054, PVR: This sturdy new coneflower from Terra Nova Nurseries is the white counterpart of Echinacea ‘Ruby Giant’ and the best white coneflower we have ever grown. The giant 4-5″ heads of pure white petals, around a contrasting orange cone, are also deliciously fragrant. Since these are clonally reproduced, each plant is identical for a more uniform planting. (Zone 3-9)

Echinacea purpurea ‘Green Envy’: When Mark Veeder first showed me a photo of his new Echinacea purpurea seedling, I thought for sure this was an April Fool’s Photoshop TM creation. Only after growing and photographing the plant myself, can I say for sure, it is truly this unique. The 20″ tall stems are topped, starting in mid-June, with large 4.5″ wide flowers composed of a dark cone with a green center. Surrounding the cone, are long petals that are pink toward the cone changing to lime-green toward the downward recurving tips. Echinacea ‘Green Envy’ is so weird, gardeners will either love or hate it…we love it! (Zone 4-9)

Echinacea purpurea ‘Kim’s Knee High’ PP 12,242: From Tony’s college classmate Kim Hawks, former owner of Niche Gardens, comes a new dwarf selection of the wonderful native purple coneflower. This compact selection is the first coneflower to be vegetatively propagated, ensuring that every plant is identical…no seed-grown variation as long as you remove the old seed heads. Starting in mid-June (NC), each flower head has rigidly reflexed, rosy-pink petals that give a truly unique look to this selection. Purple coneflower is extremely drought-tolerant, although it does favor improved garden conditions. Plant a drift, sit back with drink in hand, and wait for the butterflies! (Zone 3-9)

Echinacea purpurea ‘Kim’s Mop Head’ PP 13,560: We are delighted to be able to offer the wonderful white flowered companion to Echinacea ‘Kim’s Knee High’. This mutation of Echinacea ‘Kim’s Knee High’, discovered at Sunny Border Nursery in Connecticut, has the same wonderful compact habit with perfectly symmetrical downward arching heads of fringed-white petals…what a great garden plant. Echinacea ‘Kim’s Mop Head’ looks great when planted in a mass in a flower bed or border. (Zone 3-9)

Echinacea purpurea ‘Kim’s Red Knee High’ PP 20,411: A mutation of Echinacea ‘Kim’s Knee High’, discovered at Connecticut’s Sunny Border Nursery in 2005. Echinacea ‘Kim’s Red Knee High’ has the same vigorous growth, short habit and attractively reflexed petals of its parent. The name red, however, is problematic…another example of male color-blindness and why you never ask men to describe a color. The color is actually a richer, darker pink than the parent, but nothing close to red. (Zone 4-9)

Although they are not the latest and greatest cultivars, Echinacea purpurea cultivars are still the best.

Learn All About Creative Handicraft

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If you need a gift for a special person, or just need some time to unwind, make a creative handicraft. Crafting is therapeutic when you are feeling stressed, and it also can yield a useful or decorative item. Everyone has some measure of creativity, and with modern kits and patterns, a creative handicraft does not have to end in frustration.

If you have a sewing machine, you can learn to make a creative handicraft that will be a useful and welcome gift. Potholders are a great beginning sewing project that can be made from scrap material or unwanted clothing and a bit of double-fold bias tape. Here are the simple instructions for this creative handicraft.

First cut two 8-inch (21 cm.) squares of fabric to be the front and back of the potholder. Choose coordinating fabrics that match your kitchen for these pieces. To make it easier, you can make an 8-inch square pattern from a piece of cardboard to use as a pattern. Cut more 8-inch squares of any old fabric to stack for the filling. You want the stack of fabric squares to be thick enough to protect you from a hot pot, but thin enough to be flexible and able to be sewn through.

Stack all layers so that the outer layers are facing to the outside and the filler layers are inside. You can put a couple of large straight pins through all layers to keep them together. Now sew right across the middle of the stack. Sew across the middle again, perpendicular to the first stitching. You will have divided the square into 4 squares. Sew across the stack again from corner to corner, and again from the other corner to corner. The layers should be joined and sturdy now.

To bind off the raw edges of your creative handicraft, trim with scissors so that all the layers are again even at the edges. Open out one folded edge of the bias tape. The wider bias tape might seem to be easier to use, but the narrow type makes a neater finished product. Starting at one corner, line up the edges of the tape with the edges of the potholder, and start stitching through all layers along the first fold line, which will be about 1/4 inch from the edge. Stitch neatly and slowly, attaching the opened tape all around the edge until you reach the beginning corner. Cut the bias tape off, leaving 3 inches, (7 cm.) to make into a hanging loop.

Fold the bias tape over the raw edge so that the middle fold lines up with the outside of the potholder and the other fold is hiding the raw edge of the bias tape. Now, for best results, hand sew the binding down, forming a loop on your creative handicraft when you get to the end.

This potholder is just one example of a creative handicraft you can create if you have a sewing machine. When it is finished, you will have a useful item made from all recycled materials. Feel free to give this creative handicraft away or keep it for yourself.

How To Fail At Csa Market Gardening

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CSA market gardening is a great way to connect farmers and consumers. The farmer receives a good income and guaranteed cashflow, and the consumer gets a steady supply of fresh, local food. But your CSA can fail if you don’t avoid the following mistakes.

CSA market gardening mistake 1: Marketing. Community Supported Agriculture programs typically experience high turnover of customers, especially in the early years. You may lose as many as 40% of your customers each year. This means you need to be continuously marketing to find new customers to replace the losses, and even more if you expect to grow.

Marketing your garden doesn’t have to be difficult or expensive; the first thing to invest in is some good business cards. Cards are a cheap way to promote your market garden. You can print both sides of the card, perhaps using the back of the card as a coupon for new customers.

Mail-out flyers are also an effective marketing tool. Flyers let you target a particular geographic area, and a 1-page 2-sided flyer gives you lots of room to get your message across.

You should also consider creating a website for your market garden; having a web presence is expected of businesses these days. And a well-designed, keyword-focused, content-driven website is your marketing magic weapon, bringing in customers even while you sleep.

CSA market gardening mistake 2: Not growing enough produce. When customers join your CSA, they often pay you in advance for the season. You have to make sure you deliver great value for that payment. This starts with planning.

Since you know how many customers you have, you can plan your garden to make sure you have ample produce for everyone. For example, if you have 50 customers who each want one head of lettuce each week, you need to be able to harvest at least 50 heads. However, not all lettuce seeds germinate. And not all plants successfully grow to produce a harvestable crop. You can lose plants to insects, or disease, or bad weather. So to make sure you will have sufficient produce available, you need to build in a safety factor; that is, plant more than you think you will need. So to get 50 harvestable head of lettuce, you might start by planting 75 seeds; this will give you some allowance for losses.

And you have to take all reasonable means to protect your crop from the perils mentioned above. You need protection against insects, disease, flooding, predatory animals, drought, and storms. It does you no good to grow beautiful vegetables if you lose them before harvest.

CSA market gardening mistake 3: Not growing enough variety. Successful CSA’s grow lots of vegetables, and a large variety of vegetables. There are some good reasons for this: first, your customers will appreciate receiving something different in their delivery boxes each week. The more types of vegetables you grow, the more people you will appeal to.

The second reason to grow a large variety is for security of production. To give an extreme example, if you grew only two vegetables, and you lose one, your garden has lost 50%. On the other hand, if you grow 20 different vegetables and you lose one, you garden is still at 95%.

And finally, you need to grow a large variety of crops to stretch out your season. Different vegetables, and even different types of the same vegetable, mature at different times. The more you grow, the longer your potential season.

CSA market gardening can bring a great benefit to both farmers and consumers, if you avoid these mistakes.

Mens Leather Belts And What You Should Know Before You Buy

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Trousers, jeans, chinos and even smart shorts all look better with a belt. Somehow, empty belt loops just dont look right. So, adding a smart belt completes the image? Not for long

Todays modern belts are often made of different and usually man-made layers glued together. The technical term is bonded leather.

But it says real leather on the belt! Yes, some belts do have the words real leather (or the leather symbol) stamped on the inside. So that layer might well be real leather. But what about the other bits?

After a period of time, the other bits make their appearance. The glue that kept them together starts to fail. The belt splits into layers as body heat, tension and pressure do their work. Examine the pieces closely and you may find a thin layer of cloth or webbing, a strip of padding and maybe a vinyl top layer.

Shoes and other footwear have symbols to explain their construction a leather upper, man-made sole etc. Unfortunately, without this same information on a belt, when the words real leather are seen the assumption is that the whole thing is leather. The manufacturers of this type of poorly labelled belt are doing nothing to set the record straight. Shame on them.

So, apart from the passing off of a belt as all leather, shouldnt it be ok to wear?

Well, man-made materials should be long lasting, so how long do these belts last? A few months? A year? More? Well that depends on the use they get. Anecdotal evidence varies. Cost is not a factor either. Unless the belt is made of semi-precious metal or stones, its the brand that pushes the price right up, not the raw materials.

Where do they break? At the pressure points. Where the prong fits through the strap. Theres a lot of tension on that little metal stick and the belt area near it. The other main failure point is round the back where the belt pulls against the belt loops when the wearer sits down.

At some point some of these bonded belts are no longer the smart accessory as theyve begun to disintegrate. Maybe not all belts and maybe not all the time, but enough for those who know to be a bit more careful when they are buying their next belt.

So whats the alternative?

Solid leather. Rather than split, it will give. Being solid leather it cant break into layers, it stays in one piece. (Unless you let the dog chew on it). After years of wear, when it gets a bit tired, it can be relegated to second best and worn during diy jobs or when gardening or working on the car, rather than thrown in the bin. These long lasting belts are often handmade in tourist and craft areas and maybe expertly tooled with patterns or images (native American Indian craftwork, for example). An overly busy pattern might not be right for formal wear, so a plainer finish is probably more appropriate.

So how do you tell what a belt is made of?

At the buckle end of the belt, look for the cut edge. Examine the cross-section and it will be obvious. Multiple layers of different shades and thicknesses give the game away. If the cut edge has been sealed then again it is probably man-made.

Ultimately of course it is a matter of personal choice. Buy mens leather belts or buy bonded belts. Either will look great in the shop. Just take care to see what the belt is made of and think of the use the belt is going to be put to (infrequent or every day, formal or informal). Then make that informed decision.

Top 10 Ways to Save Water

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Up to 65% of the adult human body is made up of water. We use water to clean our bodies, clothes, and dishes. We gulp water down after a hard workout. We need water to survive.

The UN suggests that we each need 20-50 litres of water a day to use for drinking, cooking, and cleaning. In a world of over 7 billion people, conserving water is essential. But how can we do so on a daily basis, in our own homes?

While there are many ways to limit the waste of water, the following are the top 10 most effective ways to stop wasting and start saving this precious resource:

1. Wash right: When washing your dishes, brushing your teeth, or even taking a shower, dont allow the water to run more than necessary. During dishwashing, fill one sink with soapy water and one with rinse water, and dip dishes from one to the other. If you have only one sink, fill two small plastic containers with soapy and rinse water and do the same. When brushing your teeth, wet your brush and turn off the faucet while you scrub.

Many people enjoy taking long, hot showers. Start cutting back by shaving five minutes off your shower time or installing a water-conserving shower head. If you feel the need to luxuriate, run a bath and sit as long as you like.

2. Run washers less: Purchase a larger laundry basket and wait until you have a full load before running the washing machine. Do the same for dishes, making sure to fill the dishwasher completely before turning it on. Doing so could save you up to 1000 gallons per month.

3. Collect and reuse water: No need to swap one healthy practice for another. When washing fruits and vegetables, consider pooling the water in a bowl and using it to water houseplants.

4. Watering right: If the shower is leaking, we are apt to notice. However, outdoor faucets and sprinklers are more likely to have leaks that go unnoticed. Be sure to give all of your water hookups a once, twice, and even thrice-over to check for places where water may be escaping.

5. Adjust your dishwasher setting: Dishwashers are great timesavers, but dont disregard the settings that can help you save water while getting your cutlery sparkling clean. Check for an eco water saving mode and use it every time. Bonus: turn off the dryer setting for energy savings.

6. Reuse linens: Good hygiene is a must, but usually there is no need to wash your towels every day. Try using one towel for a week. Extend the life of your sheets by washing the pillowcases weekly and saving the rest of the set for big, twice-monthly washes.

7. Wash the car well: Think your hose is efficient? You can easily use up 60 gallons of water or more in five minutes of outdoor car wash fun (not including the spray-your-kids-when-they-arent- looking moments). Keep your vehicle sparkly and save water by using the WaterSavers program, popular with professional car washes, which uses 40 gallons or less per car and gives clean water back to Mother Earth.

8. Concentrate on cleaning: Using concentrated cleaning formulas not only gives you more cleaner for less, but uses less packaging and less production energy. This is a great example of convenience and water conservation combining forces, and you can take full advantage.

9. Keep cold water in a pitcher: Instead of running your tap water until it gets cold, chilling water in a pitcher allows you to keep water cold and ready, minus the waste.

10. Collect rainwater: Nature provides ample water for gardening purposes just by raining. By putting a barrel below your gutter, you can collect generous stores (more than half a gallon of water for every square foot of roof during a rainfall of one-inch) and use to grow those squash and tomato plants.

Saving water is as easy as you are creative. By considering the above tips and coming up with more of your own, you can limit water waste in your home and conserve energy. Want more tips? Contact your local plumber for professional water-conserving advice.